Privacy in Genetic testing

Definition Not only is privacy definition absent in the legislation that controls and amends an individual privacy privilege but also in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms (Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 1982). Nevertheless, privacy is a basic human right.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Privacy in Genetic testing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is a significant factor of a democratic society; it is ‘at the heart of liberty in modern state.’ Some people describe it as a private field of thoughts and response that is essential for freedom of ideas, speech, and conscience, among others (Delisle, 2003). Privacy is entitlement to a state of lack of interference or intrusion. This concept possesses four dimensions, including; (a) bodily privacy, (b) territorial privacy, (c) communication privacy and, (e) information privacy. Majority of privacy policies is inclined towards information privac y. This legislation focuses on the collection, application, availability and amendment of delicate information. Privacy can also be defined as the privilege to restrict access to own personal information as well as to one’s person (Stoddart, 2005). Genetic testing refers to various techniques used for testing an individual genetic make-up and to establishing the presence of inborn genetic characteristics or environmentally induced gene mutation. Two modes of test could be applied at a workplace, including genetic monitoring, and genetic screening. Genetic monitoring is a regularly performed test which considers environmental hazards at the workplace that may influence an employees DNA. On the other hand, genetic screening concerns analysis of the inherent genetic composition of a person to determine specific inborn characteristics or abnormalities. As opposed to genetic monitoring this analysis requires only one test. Concerns Genetic testing provokes various concerns form pr ivacy activists. An individual’s genetic make-up is not subject to change, unlike his or her name, credit card and bank account.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In a workplace context, genetic testing is associated with the most obvious intrusion of privacy within the aspects of job insurance coverage and promotion. Genetic screening reveals confidential information about the employee and relatives since genetic information carries facts concerning ancestors and children. Certain abnormalities are hereditary, so that by associating the worker with a genetic abnormality translates to association of the employee’s relations with the disorder. Essentially this practice passes as an intrusion of a worker’s privacy, wherein the data is collected, and used or revealed devoid of their informed consent. In fact, the concerns pertaining to informed consent genetic d ata collection are yet to be settled. Legislation Absence of uniformity within regional legislation impedes identification of privacy responsibilities with respect to genetic data. In the context of the Canadian legislation, there are prominent loopholes concerning the genetic data collection and application, given the variation in certain significant laws across the provinces. For instance, genetic privacy in the employer-employee setting is supported in B.C., Quebec and Alberta presently while it is not supported in the rest of the provinces. Therefore, in the provinces that have not yet installed the legislation, this aspect of privacy concern is rendered uncertain and the workers are provided with insufficient instructions in approaching genetic data collection in Canada. Requirements Some insight may be obtained from judicial appraisal that has been based on the context of the use of Criminal Code to genetic databases. Genetic database systems enable authorities to preserve DNA information just from offenders convicted of specific grievous offenses, under a judge’s permission (LaForest, 1985). The restrictions enforced in the criminal setting highlights the significance of the concern of genetic data collection. Noteworthy, the united states Congress have in the past few years worked on the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act and approximately 40 U.S. states have legislation controlling the application of genetic information. Huge United State’s organizations operational in Canada have also express concern for this issue. Reference List Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. (1982). Part I of the Constitution Act.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Privacy in Genetic testing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (U.K.), 1982, c. 11. Dickson, G. R., Barreth, S. (2006). Privacy laws and virtue testing in the workplace. Hamilton Street, Re gina. Delisle J. (2003). GOL – OCRI Series. Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Centre for Research and Innovation. Web. LaForest. (1985). supra note 70 at 9: referring to Criminal Code of Canada, R.S.C.  1985, c. C-46, ss. 487.04-487.092. Stoddart. (2005). Role and Operations of the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of  Canada, Standing Senate Committee on National Finance. Ottawa, Ontario. This essay on Privacy in Genetic testing was written and submitted by user Maginty to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Child Rearing Among Immigrant Communities

Child Rearing Among Immigrant Communities Introduction Children require positive experiences as they grow in order to enhance their self esteem, health and transition into adulthood. Child rearing practices differ substantially across families in North America especially because a vast number of parents are immigrants.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Child Rearing Among Immigrant Communities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is crucial to analyze child rearing values and approaches in these minority groups because it would provide a basis for carrying out social work interventions especially in line with health needs. If cultural influences will have been considered prior to program interventions then greater success can be realized. Parenting values in immigrant communities There is no doubt that culture has a great effect on child rearing but one must ensure that proper and accurate conclusions are made about parenting in immigrant families. Previou s researches have mostly focused on deficit models that tend to emphasize risk factors associated with child rearing in immigrant families. Medora et al (2001) carried out such a research and affirmed that immigrant children tend to be more susceptible to abuse than non immigrant children. However, other researchers have shown that the converse is true. Parents across all racial divides believe that no form of child abuse should be permitted (Maiter et. al. 2004). It is therefore critical to understand what immigrant parents understand as unacceptable and acceptable behavior in child rearing. This knowledge can be critical in preparation of parenting messages that would accommodate values and beliefs of the concerned parents. Understanding these differences can be such an informative and constructive endeavor in human service program preparation. Many immigrant families tend to define acceptable behavior in more or less the same ways that local families do. For instance, many immigr ant parents will state that obedience is an important quality in their children. They also value respect and the ability to do well in school. Most do not like it when children talked back to them or three tantrums. Many immigrant families also felt that engaging fights were unacceptable for their children. They also believed that it is crucial to express affection to one’s children.Advertising Looking for term paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These sentiments reflect values that spread across cultural lines as they are accepted by almost all people in the country. All immigrant groups tend to use verbal reprimands and many of them do yell at their children. Although this is a negative practice, it was not particularly a big threat to children because parents appeared to understand the thin line between talking loudly and humiliating and bullying them. They know the importance of developing a child’s self esteem and were not ready to compromise on it in any way. They also realize that using punitive options was often the last resort to dealing with a child’s indiscipline (Singer et. al., 2008). Nonetheless, some differences do exist in terms of desirable traits as well. It has been shown that religion is an important factor in child rearing among immigrant communities such as Hispanics, African Americans and Indians. On the other hand, self discipline is an extremely important factor in child rearing among African American families. In fact, when children engage in negative behavior aimed at seeking attention, African American parents tend to prefer direct confrontation of the problem while Asian American parents tended to prefer just ignoring the behavior until the child stopped doing it. Also, interactions with extended families tend to be of considerable importance to Indian families because they believe that engaging with these family members tends to build trust in their children. On the other hand, immigrant families differ on administration of punishment. African American and Latin parents tend to prefer the use of spanking more than time out. This contrasts with Euro American families as they think of time out as a less effective method of disciplining their children. It does not in any way illustrate that white parents sometimes do no spank their children but approaches and prevalence were greater in some immigrant communities.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Child Rearing Among Immigrant Communities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More African American families tend to be comfortable with public spanking while Indian American parents prefer waiting to do this in the comfort of their home (Singer et. al., 2008). External challenges that affect child rearing Many immigrant families from the Asian continent think that American society is more liberal. Conseq uently, children in America have greater freedom and greater say than the native immigrant countries that these parents came from. As a result, many immigrant parents tend to believe that this will create future problems for them. Some even worry about the rate of sexual involvement among teenage children. In the Asian context, children are told to listen to their parents and most would have been subjected to parental control had they been in their native countries. Since this is not common in the US then most immigrant parents have a very difficult time adjusting to these changes. Many immigrant parents worry about their children when they go to school because of peer influence. They are afraid that their schoolmates will teach them different and culturally contradicting things. These conflicts between parents and children’s value systems create continuous difficulties during child rearing among minorities (Este et. al., 2001). Child protection rights are quite effective in the US. Immigrant parents come from conservative backgrounds which give parents the discretion to determine the kind of punishment that can be administered to children. Essentially, this illustrates that most fear loss of control to their children. They see some of these laws as excessive because children may become ill behaved and take comfort in the fact that the law protects them from any punitive measures. Immigrant parents therefore struggle with these imbalances in child protection laws in their native countries and the US.Advertising Looking for term paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nonetheless, some of them still appreciate the fact that those laws because they are effective at protecting their children from predators or deviant members of society. They simply feel that some of these laws have become extreme (Este et. al., 2001). Immigrant parents also have considerable language challenges as most of them come from non English speaking countries. This creates a lot of problems to them when communicating with their children’s teachers. They may not articulate certain ideas to teachers and this causes educators to misunderstand children of immigrants. Furthermore, cooperation between schools and parents in rearing children can also be tremendously compromised because of these communication difficulties. Schools have to go through great lengths to let parents know about new policies or issues. Children themselves have to exercise personal initiative in order to communicate well in the English language if they were not born in the country (Este et. al., 200 1). It has been shown that income disparities exist between majority and minority groups in the US. Most minimum wage jobs are carried out by these individuals and thus create financial pressures in their homes. Immigrant parents stated that many of them have difficulties affording something as basic as day care. They cannot give their children material things because they just do not have the finances needed to do so. Even children who express certain interests in some aspect of their lives will not necessarily be able to grow their child’s talent because their parents cannot afford to put them in special classes or programs. While some immigrant parents may be lucky enough to have jobs, others maybe unemployed and tend to struggle to secure that illusive job. It is particularly hard for them because they are immigrants and certain connotations have been placed on this group of people by employers. If immigrants have no secure jobs then it becomes much harder for them to pro vide for their children (Este et. al., 2001). In the US, a lot of racism exists in the housing industry. Alternatively, certain houses have rules that simply do not allow children to reside in them. Consequently, children of immigrants may end up growing in undesirable homes simply because society makes it difficult for them to acquire a place of their own. Religion is an important part of some immigrant’s livelihoods yet their kinds of religion may not be particularly common in the US. Alternatively, some may come from a dominant religion in the US but because of separation of church and state, their children may not get a chance to practice their faith fully. This causes them to have different opinions and values from their parents and causes a lot of tension amongst them. Conclusion In order to provide human service assistance or programs to minority groups in the area of child rearing, it is essential to understand cultural expectations in these communities and their chal lenges as well. In terms of beliefs, most immigrant families tend to hold common beliefs about child rearing such as having a need for honesty and respect from their children. However, approach to discipline differs as greater spanking occurs amongst immigrant families than majority groups. Child rearing is also affected by the challenges undergone by immigrants such as language barriers, religious differences and excessive child freedom. References Este, D., Sethi, S. Charlebois, M. (2001). Factors influencing the child rearing practices of Chinese and East Indian women with children. Web. Maiter, S., Alaggia, R. Trocme, N. (2004). Perception of child maltreatment by parents from the Indian subcontinent: challenging myths about culturally based abusive parenting practices. Child Maltreat, 9(3), 309-324. Medora, N., Larson, J. Wilson, S. (2001). Attitudes towards parenting strategies, potential for child abuse and parental satisfaction of ethnically diverse, low income US mothers . Soc psychology journal, 141(3), 338-348. Singer, H., Lubell, K. Lofton, T. (2008). Promoting healthy parenting practices across cultural groups, a CDC research brief. US health and human services (CDC) report, 1-20.

Professional Development Resource Assignment Essay

Professional Development Resource Assignment - Essay Example These skills and knowledge are aimed at achieving various goals set by different firms. Also, they help in meeting the company’s vision, missions, and obligations towards the community and customers. Most students study leadership development to acquire appropriate knowledge on leadership, learn various traits of good leaders, and prepare themselves for future leadership roles. According to the article Deep Mentoring: Guiding Others on Their Leadership Journey, leadership development is critical in cultivating management traits and practical skills in many aspiring leaders (Reed, 2012). Attributes such as rational decision-making skills, good leadership, and teamwork are essential for the success of businesses. As a result, any person aspiring to be an influential and successful leader must possess these skills. Leadership development training offers the perfect opportunity for individuals such as students to learn these skills. Equally, they learn these skills from successful and experienced leaders with vast knowledge on management practices. Thus, they are assured of gaining valuable knowledge of relevant leadership traits. From this article, it is clear that leadership development training is the source of appropriate leadership skills. Leadership development and training can benefit me in various ways. For instance, through leadership development trai ning, I will develop helpful leadership traits such as critical thinking skills and management skills hence, which will give me the ability to attain rational decision-making with respect to my career development. According to the article, leadership development helps aspiring leaders to become attentive and creative thinkers. Thus, the article has helped me realize the importance of studying leadership since traits such as creative thinking and attentiveness are indispensable for leaders. Additionally, I can nurture my leadership skills while in college, as leadership development

International Sports Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Sports - Assignment Example All these problems were because of insufficient funds and resources to equip the facilities and reward the participants. The Olympic sponsorship began in various nations like Greece, where its cities could sponsor participants. They played various roles that included the provision of equipment, trainers, and athletic facilities. Some of the major sponsors include Xerox Company, Lenovo Computer Company, and Kodak. The sponsors from different nations came into improve international sports like Olympics. In addition, the rewards given to the participants were improved, and the participants were motivated to perform well in the sports. On the other hand, the officials were comfortable in delivering their duties when organizing the Olympics. It is important to realize that the Olympic sponsorship contributed much in employing experts who could deliver quality services to improve sports in a professional manner. Technology was also brought in through the Olympic sponsorship where various a ctivities like timing were improved by dropping manual system of recording (Bravo & Maclntosh, 2011). The International Olympic Committee and the Olympic Partners received various mutual benefits from the sponsorship. In this regard, the interdependence and interconnection between the participating nations and sponsors was enhanced. Olympic Games also received substantial profits and smooth movement of the Olympics. The major challenges that International Sports such as Olympic went through is over-commercialization and ambush marketing. This led to the formation of marketing initiative where a limited number of sponsors would be given special benefits and treatment. CRITIQUE The relationship between Olympic Games and sponsorship is longstanding. The first Olympic Games initiated it in 776 BC. It is noteworthy that the cities in ancient Greece started by sponsoring participants through provision of training kits, trainers, and some athletic facilities. At the time, the winners toget her with their cities were awarded only Olive leaves but their performance made them be renowned (Bravo & Maclntosh, 2011). The first modern Olympics were in Athens in 1896 where most of the donations were from private organizations like Kodak. International marketing was first shown by Games in Helsinki where eleven companies came in to give support like flowers for participants winning medals and food for athletes. The number of sponsors increased gradually that, by 1976 in Montreal Olympics, the sponsors and suppliers were 628. Although, there were many sponsors, financial status was still a disaster for the hosting city and the organizers. This made the organizing committee implement marketing program where 34 sponsors, 64 suppliers, and 65 licensees were introduced together with sponsor hospitality centers for the first time. This marketing program enabled the organizing committee to allow corporate sponsors to associate themselves with the Olympic movement in different ways. O lympic sponsorship enabled the International Organizing Committee to realize that corporate sponsors provided substantial profits to the Olympic movement. These profits are important for the expansion of activities and space used during the Olympic Games (Bravo & Maclntosh, 2011). In addition, the funds can be used to improve the reward schemes offered to the winners and their respective States. This will motivate them hence make them improve their performance. The

Training Trends and Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Training Trends and Issues - Essay Example The organizations have become more demanding due to globalization factor, hence an individual’s worth in his organization has increased manifold. Due to the complex business nature, the organizations are marked by a scuttle and commotion to attract the best talent of the industry. There is huge dearth of skilled, experienced and competent workforce that help in the enhancement of organization overall efficiency and accomplishment of pre-defined goals and objectives (Rolph J. CIPD, 2004). In such an intense situation, business heads are looking out for innovative and effectual ways through which existing employees can be trained for future challenges. After analyzing and deeply evaluating the current trends in training and development, three specific styles have been identified. First and foremost is the impact of globalization on training delivery tools and techniques. It has become mandatory for firms to intensely compare the cost that is incurred on training in terms of inve stment made in different countries, regions, centers, units etc. The primary objective is to attain maximum output with minimum input along with optimum utilization of resources. In order to realize the above objective, reconstruction of integrated potential of the organization is preferred by most of the firms these days. A large training cluster is formed within the organization or can be outsourced as well to an agency that provides timely delivery of resources exceptionally manages the project and provides effective administration services (Polson, 2001). For rendering the above mentioned services, the company charges a fixed cost. The practitioners must ensure that organization must be proactive rather than reactive in identifying to the emerging skills that are needed to combat the current market threat. They need to highly focused and clear regarding their needs and requirements, and should be in a position to put pressure on outsourced companies to deliver the best and top m ost quality service. Second most upcoming trend is e-learning that aims to extract the best possible training from any part of the world at lowest price possible. On-line training is the solution to all problems faced in training employees and those companies, who have yet not adopted the trend or find no such need for it, would soon be ravaged (Polson, 2001). This is the most effective method as the learner can move as per his individual pace, it is cost effective as mass scattered audience can be targeted, and quality and cost are the two main attributes of the emerging trend overpowering the limitation of distance or location. The practitioners in this case need to understand that here the learners need constant motivation as different age groups have different grasping power, distinct goals and pace. A 21 year old energetic, vibrant and inquisitive learner can’t be taken on the same platform as a 50 year old experienced employee who wants to be at ease in his own created comfort zone. Technology alone can’t resolve all learning challenges hence must be taken as an additional source of training, the fundamental designing must be sound, meticulous planning and effective instructional skills are required. ‘Talent Hunt’ is another recent trend observed in the current business scenario where there is acute shortage of well trained, capable and highly skilled employees. It is contradictory statement when we say that the unemployment rate in most of

Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)

Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) Spectral analysis, thermal behavior, XRD and morphology study in synthesis of carbon nanotubes decorated by Cysteamine Or A simple and efficient procedure for synthesis of Thiolic Composite with use Oxide Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube Or A simple and efficient procedure for synthesis of composite thiol with use oxide multi walled carbon nanotube and sulfur Or Behnam Maazinejad, Hamidreza Sadegh, Imran Ali, Ramin Shahryari Ghoshekandi, Vahid Ali Abstract In this paper, the effects of multi-Walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were studied as supports for the synthesis of MWCNT-COOH-Cysteamine nanocomposite. At first Purification MWCNT in H2SO4 and HNO3, solved and the solution earned ultrasound was to attain the equilibrium temperature to functionalization of carboxylate multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH). Then using Cysteamine hydrochloride and NHS and DMF and EDC and MWCNT-COOH the mixture was refluxing. The prepared on thiol derivatized nanocomposite were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction, Scanning electron microscope, FTIR spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Keywords MWCNTs, Carbon nanotubes, Functionalization, Cysteamine, Surface modification, Nanocomposite, Thiol, CNT 1. Introduction Nanotechnology is significantly impressive Science and Economy in the 21st century [1]. Carbon, in different forms, has been long used as the main constituent material of solid electrodes as a further too metal electrodes [2]. After the first Iijima elucidation of their structures in 1991 [3], carbon nanotubes have attracted considerable interdisciplinary interest [4]. Carbon nanotubes are promising additives for thermoplastics, due to their superior mechanical, thermal, magnetic and electrical properties [5]. To optimize the potential applications of carbon nanotubes, it is essential to modify the carbon nanotubes with functional groups and/or nanoparticles in order to integrate the carbon nanotubes into desired structures or attach suitable nanostructures to them [6]. Carbon nanotubes possess high flexibility, large aspect ratios (Normally >1000), unique internal structures, electrical conductivity, high chemical activity, low mass density, high electro active surface area, thermal stability and great mechanical strength [7]. CNTs have extraordinary electrical conductivity and heat conductivity and mechanical properties, they are probably the top electron field-emitter possible, and their material properties can accordingly approach closely the very high levels intrinsic to them [8]. Hence, CNT’s have received considerable attention for usage in chemistry and environmental remediation [9]. CNTs represent an exquisite class of nanomaterials that stepped into the nanomedicine arena not more than a decade behind [10]. The two main types of carbon nanotubes are the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), yet there are some other rare types such as fullerite, torus, and nanoknot [11]. Surface functional groups can modify the surface charge, functionality and reactivity of the surface, and increase the stability, and dispensability of Different materials [12-13]. Organic sulfur compounds are wide-spreading in numerous natural products and widely used as multiple artificial chemicals [14]. The structure and surface chemistry of organic thin films is a research region related to several interfacial processes, including biological events, lubrication, adhesion, wettability, corrosion, electrochemistry, and microelectronic fabrication. To acquire the optimum performance of a material or device in one of these applications, the organic thin film must be prepared with the right type, concentration, and arrangement of functional handle. Functionalization of carbon nanotubes is found to be an efficient way of modification processes which in public is divided in two main categories: noncovalent and covalent. Covalent functionalization is an irretrievable process of appendag e on the nanotube walls or tips it is based on the formation of a covalent coupling between functional entities and the carbon skeleton of nanotubes. Non-covalent functionalization is based on supramolecular complexation using different adsorption forces, such as van der Waals, hydrogen bonds, electrostatic force and Ï€-Ï€ stacking interactions. [57.15-55-56]. Thiols are the maximum reactive nucleophilic reagents among altogether the biological models investigated [16]. Thiol group is an alright ligand because of its strong affinity to various heavy metal ions as a result of Lewis acid–base interactions [17]. To various heavy metal ions as a result of Lewis acid–base interactions [3]. Thiol Derivatives paper Cysteamine an aminothiol, is used to decrease tissue cystine content in patients with nephropathic cystinosis, an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder in which intracellular cystine accumulates due to impaired redeploy out of lysosomes [18]. Cysteamine is a sulfhydryl containing compound which appears to arise from the decarboxylation of cysteine or the breakdown of pantetheine [19]. Scheme 1. Is a schematic Cysteamine. [20] Scheme 1. Cysteamine Table 2: Structure and characteristics of Cysteamine [21] Cysteamine () is one of the simplest molecules able to bond with the each atoms surface through its sulfur and nitrogen atoms and a prerequisite for the design of compact monolayers with acceptable properties is a fundamental understanding of the forces captive in the self-assembly process, and the characterization of the film at the molecular level [22]. Cysteamine as drug applications that have been noted in the table 3 below: Table 3 In this study, we functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes with carboxyl group and thiol-derivatized via condensation reaction between carboxylated-MWCNT powders and Cysteamine. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, TEM and TGA were used to characterize the presence of Cysteamine on the MWCNT-COOH surface. 2. Experimental Procedures 2.1. Materials Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with Purity 95 %, outer diameter and length and manufacturing method catalytic chemical vapor deposition were purchased from US Research Nanomaterials, Inc. Sulfuric acid (97 %, AR grade) and nitric acid (37%, AR grade) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF:98%), 1-ethyl-(3-3’-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC: 97%), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS: 99%) were purchased from Merck Millipore and Cysteamine hydrochloride (99%) were purchased from sigma Aldrich and used as received unless otherwise stated. 2.2 Characterization methods 2.2.1 X-ray diffraction (XRD) X-ray diffraction studies were carried out with an X-ray diffractometer (Model No. D8-Advance, Bruker AXS). 2.1.2 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) The functional groups on the MWCNTs surface were determined using Fourier transform infrared FTIR method (VERTEX 70, Brucker). FTIR spectrum of MWCNTS was recorded in the range of 4000– 400 using pellets method. 2.2.3 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) The morphologies and sizes of the nano-structures were characterized by transmission electron microscope â€Å"TEM† (PHILIPS EM 208). 2.2.4 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out using a TG Labsys DSC, Setaram. 2.2.5 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) The size and morphology of MWCNTs was investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (VEGA3, TESCAN). 2.3 Synthesis method At first [1] (1g) was treated with 20% hydrochloric acid for 120 min sonication, to remove impurities such as residual catalysts and amorphous carbons in the phase of synthesis , Then the sample was filtered with Millipore membrane filter 0.22 and washed many successive times with distilled water. 2.3.1 Oxidation of MWCNTs Multi-walled carbon nanotubes was synthesized by a formerly reported method [52-53]. 0.75 g of pristine MWCNTs was added to 180ml mixture of concentrated HNO3 and H2SO4 (1:3, v/v) and then ultrasonicated for a course of 140 min. then mixture was transferred to a flask equipped with a condenser and was refluxed with drastic shocking at 75 for 6 h. After cooling to Ambient temperature the mixture was filtered with filters paper and filtrated solid was washed thoroughly by deionized water until the filtrate pH was close to neutral. The filter sample was then dried in a vacuum oven at 80 oC for 120 min. The sample was abbreviated as MWCNT-COOH. 2.3.2 [1] Pavani, K. V., Gayathramma, K., Banerjee, A., Suresh, S. (2013). Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Extracts of Ipomoea i ndica Flowers. American Journal of Nanomaterials, 1(1), 5-8. [2] Garcà ­a-Gonzà ¡lez, R., Fernà ¡ndez-La Villa, A., Costa-Garcà ­a, A., Fernà ¡ndez-Abedul, M. T. (2013). Dispersion studies of carboxyl, amine and thiol-functionalized carbon nanotubes for improving the electrochemical behavior of screen printed electrodes. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 181, 353-360. [3] Sanagi, M. M., Hussain, I., Ibrahim, W. A. W., Yahaya, N., Kamaruzaman, S., Abidin, N. N. Z., Ali, I. (2014). Micro extraction of Xenobiotics and Biomolecules from Different Matrices on Nano Structures. Separation Purification Reviews, (just-accepted). [4] Sadegh, H., Shahryari-Ghoshekandi, R., Kazemi, M. (2014). Study in synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes decorated by magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. International Nano Letters, 4(4), 129-135. [5] Mahmoodi, M., Arjmand, M., Sundararaj, U., Park, S. (2012). The electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding of injection molded multi-walled carbon nanotube/polystyrene composites. Carbon, 50(4), 1455-1464. [6] Zhang, Q., Zhu, M., Zhang, Q., Li, Y., Wang, H. (2009). The formation of magnetite nanoparticles on the sidewalls of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Composites Science and Technology, 69(5), 633-638. [7] Mahmoodian, H., Moradi, O., Shariatzadeh, B. (2014). Grafting chitosan and polyHEMA on carbon nanotubes surfaces: â€Å"Grafting to† and â€Å"Grafting from† methods. International journal of biological macromolecules, 63, 92-97. [8] Moradi, O., Sadegh, H., Shahryari-Ghoshekandi, R., Norouzi, M. (2014). Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Nanomedicine: New Medical Approach for Tomorrow. Handbook of Research on Diverse Applications of Nanotechnology in Biomedicine, Chemistry, and Engineering, 90. [9] Bahrami, K., Khodaei, M. M., Soheilizad, M. (2009). Direct conversion of thiols to sulfonyl chlorides and sulfonamides. The Journal of organic chemistry, 74(24), 9287-9291. [10] Jain, S., Thakare, V. S., Das, M., Godugu, C., Jain, A. K., Mathur, R., Mishra, A. K. (2011). Toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with end defects critically depends on their functionalization density. Chemical research in toxicology, 24(11), 2028-2039. [11] Aqel, A., El-Nour, K. M., Ammar, R. A., Al-Warthan, A. (2012). Carbon nanotubes, science and technology part (I) structure, synthesis and characterisation. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 5(1), 1-23. [12] Wang, Y., Iqbal, Z., Mitra, S. (2006). Rapidly functionalized, water-dispersed carbon nanotubes at high concentration. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128(1), 95-99. [13] Saleh, T. A., Gupta, V. K. (2013). Covalent and Nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes.Advanced Carbon Materials and Technology, 317-330. [14] VukoviĆ¡, G. D., MarinkoviĆ¡, A. D., ÄŒoliĆ¡, M., RistiĆ¡, M. Ä ., AleksiĆ¡, R., PeriĆ¡-GrujiĆ¡, A. A., UskokoviĆ¡, P. S. (2010). Removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by oxidized and ethylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Chemical Engineering Journal, 157(1), 238-248. [15] Castner, D. G., Hinds, K., Grainger, D. W. (1996). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy sulfur 2p study of organic thiol and disulfide binding interactions with gold surfaces. Langmuir, 12(21), 5083-5086. [16] Holmgren, A., Sengupta, R. (2010). The use of thiols by ribonucleotide reductase. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 49(11), 1617-1628. [17] Vieira, E. S., Simoni, J. A. (1997). Interaction of cations with SH-modified silica gel: thermochemical study through calorimetric titration and direct extent of reaction determination. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 7(11), 2249-2252. [18] Gahl, W. A. (2003). Early oral Cysteamine therapy for nephropathic cystinosis. European journal of pediatrics, 162(1), S38-S41. [19] Kuņºmierek, K., Bald, E. (2008). Measurement of reduced and total Mercaptamine in urine using liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Biomedical Chromatography, 22(4), 441-445. [20] Reid, E. Emmet (1958). Organic Chemistry of Bivalent Sulfur 1. New York: Chemical Publishing Company, Inc. pp. 398–399. [21] Lukashin, B. P., Grebeniuk, A. N. (2000). [Comparative study of the radiation-protective effectiveness of low doses of cysteamine, heparin, and naphtizine in experiments on mice]. Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, 41(3), 310-312. 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The Shoe Industry :: essays research papers

The Shoe Industry The shoe industry is one of the biggest moneymakers in the market, but it's facing many changes, rushes, and difficulties. The big power in the industry is Nike inc. which all the other companies are trying to be like. Some changes are the industry as a whole is moving there factories to the far east such as China. The reason for this is they are trying to save costs for producing there shoes by paying there workers less because they are in the far east. Nike and Reebok have already been in the east. The shoe industry not including Nike inc. is trying to make rushes to be number one, two, and three. Another rush the industry is making, is the rush for the deadline of sports shoes. In other words coming up with shoes for the sports that are in season. The difficulties the shoe industry has are making shoes that all people wear such as setting a style for both inner city people and suburb people. Another difficulty the shoe industry has is getting its stock value to rise again because all but Nike and Fila's stock has dropped. This is what the shoe industry is all about and the difficulties, problems, and advances it has. There are four major companies in the shoe industry. The dominant industry is Nike inc.. Then going down the line is Reebok, Fila, and Adidas. Nike being the superpower has been in front of all the other industries for many years. Right now Reebok is the closest company to Nike and is $2,459 behind in value in MIL. Nike's earnings in the last quarter leaped 24% which has pleased Wall Street investors. With such earnings Nike announced a 2-to-1 stock split, its second in many years. Nike and Reebok are far ahead than the other companies because there factories are already in the far east, and other companies are just starting to build them. With Nike's earnings so high it'll be very hard for any of the companies to take over the number one spot. Also, it'll be hard to get the people's support in there products because most people have faith in Nike. Reebok number two in the industry is facing many problems. First, there is friction between the management spots for Reebok. Second, Reebok is having difficulty finding sports stars to endorse there products. Finally, Reebok's stock has dropped and is still dropping. The reason for this is the people do not prefer the shoes in how they look and how comfortable they are.

Microchips in Humans Essay

In today’s society, technology continues to find new ways to protect our children and families. Several devises have already been developed to track children when they are away from home. These devises work by GPS signal to track the movement of the child and are worn externally or are imbedded in an item of clothing. There are also GPS devices already approved for implantation in humans. VeriChip was the only Food and Drug Administration-approved human-implantable microchip for use in medical purposes (DHHS pg. 71702-71704). These developments have sparked a debate over whether we should consider implanting microchips in humans for tracking and safety reasons and not just medical purposes. Today there are microchips implanted into pets for tracking purposes yet they do not have a GPS signal and only work once the animal is found and not to track their location. These same kinds of devises may be offered in the future for humans. Our government should never allow microchips to be implanted in humans for any purposes much less mandate their use. External tracking devices currently available have the capability to track children for safety without the need for implanting a microchip in the body. This kind of tracking device would serve no purpose in tracking the child’s location. As stated in this article: Chip implants would be of little use in tracking a missing child as readers only have a limited range (Lane par 14). The FDA believes that a person’s overall health may be affected by tissue reaction, movement of implanted chip, failure of transponder, among many other complications. In addition, it is clear that there are many risks involving implantation of these devise (DHHS pg. 71702-71704). The FDA also has a waiver to be signed that releases them from any liability in regards to these devises, not to mention they are also currently conducting research to see if these devices can cause cancer in the patient implanted with these microchips. Today there are microchips ready for implantation into humans but at what cost to our health? We already know that these devises pose several health risks and are a direct violation to human rights. However, what we do not know about the effects of these devises may be far more dangerous than anticipated. Imposing a law to mandate these devices in the future could be far more costly to society then we will ever know. Some say these devises will be  good for medical patients however; there are many other ways to track ones medical history without implanting a foreign object into the body. There are too many side effects associated with this devise, which frankly is unnecessary and not needed for any real purpose, other than for tracking of an individual every move at any given time. Personally, I do not want that kind of power given to anyone. The opposition on the other hand believes that these devises will be good for medical patients. However; there are many other ways to track ones medical history without implanting a foreign object into the body. Currently there are medical I.D. bracelets to alert health care providers to any emergencies without the need for implanting mic rochips. Implanting microchips in humans also raises the question to the right of privacy as well as health concerns related to implantation. Our right to privacy is defined as the right to one’s freedom of intrusion. If all humans were implanted with microchips, there would be no such thing as privacy as we now know it, not to mention the invasiveness of the surgery for implantation. The continuing presence of the microchip within the individual must also be taken into account when considering our human rights. In combination with the surgery, the implant represents a permanent intrusion of our privacy. With an implanted microchip, your brain is hotwired into a computer that has a GPS tracking systems to monitor your movements, every minute of every day, for the rest of your life. Just imagine how creepy that really sounds. The concept of privacy for anyone implanted would never exist again. To protect our privacy, we need to better understand its value and the purpose it serves. Privacy is understood as an important barrier that gives us space to develop an identity that is separate from the supervision, assessmen ts, and values of our society. Privacy is crucial for helping us manage all of the pressures that shape the type of person we are in society. Privacy is also used as the groundwork to protect our other fundamental rights. If our right to privacy were compromised then our other rights would soon faultier as well. To implant microchips into human being seems to be a clear case of intrusion of our bodies and our lives. Another reason our government should not allow microchips implanted in humans is that it would serve no real purpose except to track our movements and why should anyone have that much power over any individual. We need to consider the bigger picture as stated in this  article: Imagine what the government could do with this kind of technology. If it wanted to, it could use this technology to track literally every movement and behavior of everyone at any given time (Slavo par 15). Personally, this technology even being considered in our society should be a crime. The government should not allow or mandate implantation of microchips in humans for any reason. There are many reasons why these devises should not be implanted but instead should be outlawed. These devices not only pose a health risk to patients but also violate our rights to privacy. I have stated many reasons why the government should not allow microchips to be implanted in humans, not only is it morally, ethically and logically wrong but it would also serve no real purpose other than tracking our movements which should never be allowed. Personally, I do not want anyone to have that much power over me and neither should you.

9 People You Need In Your Life Right Now

9 People You Need In Your Life Right Now You want to be great? You’d better start surrounding yourself with great people. ASAP. Whether this is mentors, or pals, or teammates, the idea is the same- great people attract other great people. And, most importantly, they all attract greatness. Make sure your personal network is great so you can be too. Find yourself a few types from this list and you’ll be well on your way:1. The Kind and Loyal FriendDon’t underestimate the selfless person who is always willing to lend a hand when you need one most. This person is going to root for your success, not just their own. And if they see you need something, or they notice your potential, they’ll go out of their way to help you. They’ll also be your constant cheerleader.2. The Strategist/PlannerThis is a great person to have around if you’re not particularly strategy-minded yourself. Find someone who knows you and knows what you want to help you figure out how to get there when you feel like you are floundering around for answers- someone who will give you seasoned advice and help you make a game plan that you’ll actually follow through with.3. The CoachEverybody needs somebody in their corner, particularly someone who will also call you on your crap and push you to do better than you are doing. Someone older and wiser who can help you figure out how to solve problems for yourself in the long run.4. The MentorA mentor is less psychologically important than the coach, but much more instrumentally important. Pick someone with experience and success in the field you want to work in. Learn from them. The better you do, the better they will feel about their mentoring skills. Everybody wins!5. The ChallengerYes men are everywhere. You need people on Team You. But you also need people who remain agnostic about how well you do at any given thing and are willing to tell you the hard truths or force you to confront a problem from a different angle or look at a situation in a different way. Find yourself a devil’s advocate who will scrutinize your ideas and plans honestly, without feeling like they’re going to hurt your feelings.6. The EnergizerFind someone who pumps you up! Whenever you are down or enervated or just plain uninspired, know who to turn to. It could be one person, or a group of people, or everyone in your life. Just find a way to recharge your inspiration batteries on the quick.7. The Real FriendEveryone needs someone they can go to when they don’t have it in them to act or impress or be on their guard. Find someone you can just be real with. Then find more. This can be your partner, or your pals, or your family, or, preferably, all of the above.8. The ConnectorConnectors are exceedingly rare but unbelievably helpful. They long to meet people, root for them and connect them to other people. These are people with a deep network who know someone for any possible need. Find this person and never displease them! They can e asily be the key to your success.9. The OptimistYou really need to know someone like this if you tend to lean toward cynicism or pessimism. Find someone who can help you see the silver lining, even in the direst situations. Think of this person as your moral flashlight out of the dark caves of despair!

Compel, Impel, and Propel

Compel, Impel, and Propel Compel, Impel, and Propel Compel, Impel, and Propel By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Would you explain the differences among compel, impel, and propel. Here is an instance that I read:â€Å"†¦I find myself returning again and again to the question of what compels us - what propels us - to record our impressions of the present moment in all their fragile subjectivity.† The pel in compel, impel, and propel derives from the Latin verb pellere, â€Å"to drive,† as in the way one drives sheep, forcing them to go in a certain direction. compel: transitive verb. To urge irresistibly, oblige, force. â€Å"The police compelled the motorist to stop.† impel: transitive verb. To drive, force, or constrain a person to some action by acting upon her mind or feelings; to urge on, incite. In a literal sense, impel means to cause something to move onward. An engine, for example, impels a vehicle. propel: transitive verb. To drive away or out. to drive or push forwards, onwards, or in a specified direction; to cause to move along. Figuratively, propel means â€Å"to encourage or promote an enterprise or activity.† One can â€Å"propel a person† in the sense of urging or spurring him on. In the example provided by the readerwhat compels uswhat propels usto record our impressions, both compel and propel convey the idea of being driven to do something. Compel conveys the idea that the person is being forced to do it; propel shows that the person is encouraged to do it by the same â€Å"what† that forces him to do it. Three other pellere verbs in English are: dispel: to drive asunder, scatter expel: to drive out repel: to push or thrust away Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Structure A Story: The Eight-Point ArcDisappointed + PrepositionThe Two Sounds of G

Trends - Social Networking sites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Trends - Social Networking sites - Essay Example It has quickly become a major source of information with many people relying on it to get news from all over the world, for research, to do market research and make purchases and to keep in touch with one another over great distances. One of the most influential consequences of the internet is social networking, which has become big business for those who run social networking companies since they not only charge people to pay to advertise on their websites, but many have also developed the tendency of selling the personal information of their users to other commercial companies. Social networking has come to set many trends in the world today, since it has changed the way people interact with one another as well as created a medium for people from different parts of the world to communicate. Approximately 10 percent of workers world over telecommute and this figure is exponentially high in developed countries. The most influential trends brought about by social networking sites incl ude the virtual world becoming almost as real as the physical one, phenomenal growth of information over the internet, creation of mobile devices and finally, an increased transparency into the private lives of individuals, since many share their private matters over the social networks. The psychological impacts of social networking especially on the youths have been phenomenal over the last decade; â€Å"15-24 still represent the most highly-engaged segment of social networkers† thus they make the bulk of internet users (Sighn). To many of them, the internet has become such an important role that they have become obsessed with it and they cannot function without it. Today, millions have become addicted to social networking and they literary live and sleep online for some people being disconnected makes them feel unsettle and anxious, not unlike deprived drug addicts. Nevertheless the internet has also radically changed and improved communication; social networking can be ap plauded for the developments which they have made in interpersonal communication. Interaction among people in different parts of the world has become easier and more convenient, because there is no longer any need to have physical contact for communication to take place. Instead, they have made communication virtual, with more people subscribing to the use of social network sites to communicate every day. Social networks have effectively ensured that the need for human beings to socialize has been satisfied, as well as enabled those individuals who use them to be able to communicate with large numbers of people at the same time (Singh). Thus, social networking sites have not only managed to fulfill the need for individuals to communicate with one another, but they have also created a situation where physical interaction is no longer necessary for communication. In addition, social networks have made the virtual world, to be almost as real of the physical one; in fact, for some peopl e, the virtual presence is more real than the physical one since most of their interactions with others are done over social networks (Brown 31). These networks have become the best platforms on which individuals can use to effectively communicate with each other, and this explains the reason as to why quite a large number of people prefer spending their time in these sites. It is equivocal

Chinese classical poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chinese classical poetry - Essay Example So Zhang writes her two poems explaining his feelings. Ying-yings response seems to suggest that he should sneak in at night and visit her, but when he does she yells at him, rebuking him for being so selfish and so uncaring about other peoples lives. She tells him he should be ashamed and tells him he should not "sink to the point where you molest people," which she says he has done with his poetry (543). For some reason, though, Ying-ying then decides to go to his house and sleep with him. The reasons for this are not entirely clear, unless she has actually fallen in love with him through his poetry despite her harsh words the night before. It might also have something to do with the intent of the story on the authors behalf, since at the end of it he claims that women are full of lust and "will inevitably cast a curse on others if they dont do the same to themselves" (548). So it seems that Zhang is completely uncaring about Ying-yings fate, and strangely he seems to think that he is the victim, not her. Despite all these attempts to snub Ying-ying and oppress her, she does get the last laugh and ultimately maintains control over her own life. In her final letter to Zhang she sends him three objects which, although she claims they will represent her love and her good wishes for Zhang, actually seem to be rebuking him again. She says that the jade ring is supposed to teach the lesson of "what is firm and lustrous," and we have seen that Zhang is not this and Ying-ying is (546). The other two items she sends also represent her own feelings and seem to insult him for his lack of care for others. After the letter a year passes and both of them marry someone else. This suggests that Ying-ying was actually not all that upset and managed to move on with her life. However, when Zhang tries to see her and she refuses he is upset and it